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24. The Spanish Memory Wars
September 19, 2024
The ghosts of the Spanish Civil War are still with us today
23. The New Regime and the Aftermath of the War
September 19, 2024
After three years of devastating violence, the formal conflict ended with General Franco capturing and disarming the Republican Army. The aftermath of the war included mass executions and arrests, as well as hundreds of thousands of refugees and ongoing guerilla warfare. Follow these refugees and reflect on the traumas of the post-war period.
22. Repression on the Two Sides
September 19, 2024
The atrocities of the Spanish Civil War began with the bloody summer of 1936 and continued with the creation of concentration camps on both sides. While debates about the number of victims on each side continues today, most scholars agree the Nationalists were more brutally repressive
21. How the Republic Organized for the Long War
September 19, 2024
While the Nationalists consolidated and expanded their political power, the Republican side struggled with internal divisions and an increasingly dire military situation. Watch as the Republican government lost its industrial and material advantages in what would become a pivotal moment in Spanish history.
20. How the Nationalists Organized for Victory
September 19, 2024
At the start of the war, the Nationalists were an ad hoc confederation of alliances. Over three years, they organized to create an institutional structure, stable financial resources, and a logistics operation that ultimately won the war. Learn about the Nationalist political structure as they formed a functional government.
19. The War as Soldiers Experienced It
September 19, 2024
Here, Professor Radcliff turns from battles to the soldiers who fought them. Because neither side received mass enlistment for their cause, the Republican and Nationalist armies each relied on conscription
18. Guernica to Madrid: The Urban Battlefield
September 19, 2024
One of the major divides in the Spanish Civil War was between urban and rural cultures. This divide played out on the battlefield as well, with urban warfare, and particularly bombing of civilian populations, representing a novel aspect of the war. From Guernica to Madrid to Barcelona, discover the lessons from the war
17. Military
September 19, 2024
The military history of the Spanish Civil War has always taken a back seat to the political drama, but it was on the battlefield that the Nationalists won and the Republicans lost the war. Although it is difficult to pinpoint an exact turning point, this lecture outlines the major battles and turning points of the war.
16. The Propaganda War in a Divided Spain
September 19, 2024
Propaganda in the form of poetry, plays, paintings, and film played a powerful role in all wars of the 20th century. Here, Professor Radcliff looks at the international propaganda surrounding the Spanish Civil War
15. Vatican and Church in Spain
September 19, 2024
In many ways, the Spanish Civil War was a religious war over the relationship between the state and Catholicism. Due to a combination of anti-clerical violence from extremists in the Republican coalition and a long affiliation with conservative politics, the Church found itself aligned with the Nationalists. Dive into the Vatican
14. The Fascist Powers Aid the Nationalists
September 19, 2024
International aid helped the Nationalists as much, if not more, than the Republicans. From loans and foreign aid to weapons and soldiers, learn about the for the Nationalist cause from Fascist Italy and Nazi . Then, take a look at how Franco shifted course after it was clear the Axis powers would lose World War II.
13. International Brigades the Civil War
September 19, 2024
One of the most important features of the internationalization of the war was the thousands of volunteers in the international brigades that traveled to Spain to the fight. These groups included Communist party and others, all answering the call to take up an anti-fascist cause. The American volunteers were famously memorialized by Hemingway in his novel For Whom the Bell Tolls.
12. The USSR and Mexico Aid the Republic
September 19, 2024
Although many western powers remained neutral, the Republican government received from the USSR and Mexico. To this day, scholars debate about the low quality of the Soviets provided and how much it disadvantaged the Republican side. Professor Radcliff weighs this against what the Nationalists received from fascist countries.
11. Western Powers Agree to Nonintervention
September 19, 2024
The Spanish Civil War was a local conflict on the margins of Europe, yet it had enormous repercussions on the international stage. In this lecture, you will learn about the degree to which foreign intervention (or non-intervention) affected the course of the war
10. Women in the War: Workers, Nurses, Soldiers
September 19, 2024
Wars may be fought over political ideology, but they involve everyday people. In this lecture, you will examine the critical role of women in the Spanish Civil War. On both sides of the conflict, women took up jobs in traditionally male industries and occupied novel public and private roles. Meet some of the women who made an impact in this war.
9. Francisco Franco Forms a Nationalist State
September 19, 2024
Shift your attention to the Nationalist side, which had consolidated authority under General Francisco Franco,
8. Rebuilding a Fractured Republican State
September 19, 2024
By the fall of 1936, the war entered a new phase as the Republican government attempted to centralize authority and create a more disciplined war effort, in a direct challenge to the local revolutionary groups. Review some of the key challenges on the left, including ideological divisions and regional power centers that were reluctant to cede their autonomy.
7. Republican Revolution and Local Power
September 19, 2024
Continue your study of the Republican side with a deep dive into the revolutionary workers
6. The Two Sides: Nationalists and Republicans
September 19, 2024
Who were the combatants on each side of the civil war? In this lecture, you will survey the diversity of two coalitions: the Nationalists, Catholics, and fascists on one side and Popular Front republicans, socialists, anarchists, and even communists on the other side. Reflect on what political platforms held each coalition together.
5. A Hot Summer: The War
September 19, 2024
After the failed military coup, the summer of 1936 became the most violent and lawless period of the Spanish Civil War, with Nationalists and Republican coalitions committing atrocities against alleged enemies and civilians alike. From a national terror campaign to the desecration of churches and religious leaders, this time period saw great bloodshed.
4. The Opening Act:
September 19, 2024
By 1936, tensions between the conservative Monarchists and the liberal Republican government came to a head. General Francisco Franco and other military leaders attempted to overthrow the government. Although the coup attempt partially failed, it succeeded in enough places to launch a full-on civil war.
3. The Second Republic: Short-Term Origins of War
September 19, 2024
Delve into the growing political polarization that occurred in Spain
2. Two Spains? Long-Term Origins of War
September 19, 2024
The long-term structural divisions that led to the Spanish Civil War give the appearance of two countries existing side by side. Here, explore the divides in Spanish geography, agriculture, economics, society, and religion. Consider how these divisions are more complex than a simple narrative of
1. The Spanish Civil War in a European Context
September 19, 2024
Begin with an examination of the unique nature of the Spanish Civil War, within a context of European civil and world wars. Often overshadowed by World War II, Spain experienced a bloody and total war from 1936 to 1939
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Where to Watch How the Spanish Civil War Became Europe’s Battlefield
How the Spanish Civil War Became Europe’s Battlefield is available for streaming on the The Great Courses website, both individual episodes and full seasons. You can also watch How the Spanish Civil War Became Europe’s Battlefield on demand at Amazon Prime and Amazon.
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Premiere DateSeptember 19, 2024
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